Understanding your dog's TPLO surgery

If your dog has recently undergone TPLO surgery, you're likely feeling a mix of relief and concern. This article will help you understand what cranial cruciate ligament disease is, why TPLO surgery was the recommended treatment, and what you should watch for during your dog's recovery.

What is Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease?

The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs is similar to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in humans. This vital ligament connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia) inside the knee joint, providing stability during movement. When this ligament tears or ruptures, it causes significant pain, lameness, and instability in the knee.

Unlike human ACL injuries that often result from sudden trauma during sports, canine cruciate disease typically develops gradually due to:

• Age-related degeneration: The ligament weakens over time

• Breed predisposition: Larger breeds like Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers are more susceptible

• Obesity: Extra weight puts additional stress on the joint

• Poor conformation: Steep tibial plateau angles can increase stress on the ligament

• Activity level: Both very active and sedentary lifestyles can contribute

Why TPLO Surgery?

TPLO stands for Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy. This surgical procedure has become the gold standard for treating cruciate ligament ruptures in medium to large dogs because it addresses the underlying biomechanical problem rather than simply replacing the torn ligament.

During TPLO surgery, your veterinarian:

1. Makes a curved cut in the top of the tibia (shinbone)

2. Rotates this section to change the angle of the tibial plateau

3. Secures the bone in its new position with a metal plate and screws

4. This new angle eliminates the need for the cruciate ligament to prevent the tibia from sliding forward

The beauty of TPLO is that it doesn't rely on scar tissue or artificial materials to replace the torn ligament. Instead, it changes the mechanics of the knee so the damaged ligament is no longer needed for stability.

Recovery: What to Expect

Recovery from TPLO surgery typically takes 12-16 weeks, with most dogs showing significant improvement by 8 weeks. During this time:

• Weeks 1-2: Strict rest, short leash walks only, pain management

• Weeks 3-8: Gradual increase in activity, physical therapy exercises

• Weeks 8-12: Continued activity increases, return to normal walking

• Weeks 12-16: Full recovery, return to activity (with veterinary approval)

Your dog's individual recovery may vary based on age, size, fitness level, and how well you follow post-operative instructions.